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The eyes hidden Naldo (da)


was complete 200 years of the birth of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. Like Abel , I feel that something I have to say, and I have nothing new to add about her figure. Nor am I interested in reopening debates on someone who already has a century and a half long being more "controversial" Guillermo Moreno ...

Prefer investigate little-known aspects of the character, or rather hidden intentionally concealed many of its apologists. For example, his attitude toward the policy of transfer of land Julio Argentino Roca after the Conquest of the Desert. " To put in context, see the order of the day that General Roca issued on 26 April 1879, after the arrival of American troops to the shores of the Black River:

"To the astonishment of all our fellow citizens have done soon disappear Pampa numerous tribes that were thought invincible with the dread that infused the Desert and it was like a deadly legacy which still had to be passed Argentine generations for centuries. When human wave invade these desolate fields were the scene yesterday of destructive and bloody raids, to become empires of wealth and flourishing towns in which millions of people can live rich and happy, just then be estimated at its true value the merit of your efforts . "

More than 30 million hectares had been incorporated into the country. The following year he became president of Rock the Nation and had the opportunity to distribute the lands public conquered in the military campaign. His unscrupulous dealings were reported by Sarmiento from The Censor the December 18, 1885:

"General Roca, educated at the College of Uruguay (*) has not brought his another idea about the government distribution of public land that practiced in those days [de Urquiza]-will without limits the one who wields the power-adopting it as a system. (...) President Roca, every few days sent in batches to the offices of Public Credit orders directly, without records or unnecessary steps (Urquiza system), to subscribe to the winners, who are always the same, hundreds of miles

(...)."
(*) Refers to the National Association of Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Rios province.

(Text taken from the Economic History of the Twentieth Century Argentina led by A. Zaiat and M . Rapoport, Issue No. 1.)


A very useful work to discover these hidden sides of San Juan is the book "Alberdi, Sarmiento, '90" of Miltiades Peña. I'm interested in the fragments that are the disenchantment and repudiation Sarmiento felt at the end of his life, the Buenos Aires bourgeoisie in whose favor developed much of its political activity. His tendency to waste along with irresponsible borrowing, the subsequent hegemony of international finance capital, the lack of education and political participation, his own disappointment with immigration motivated by financial gain quick and easy, or landowning oligarchic dominance leaving forever postponed his dream of a country Farmers pioneers and are a matter of bitter reflections in his later years (and perhaps I can think of, there is a thread between his words and what I quoted in this post ). Are some examples:

"Our colony of Argentina in Paris is remarkable for the beauty of women and girls who are, calling much attention to the Parisians the distinction of race. Distínguense men by the elegance of her manners American carried his affection for the opera in which scenarios are the same heroes and clapped raw donuts in Columbus a year ago, giving them the right, so dear to the Parisian boulevarderos, penetrate racks behind the boudoir of a particular artist, formerly known in Buenos Aires. Argentine dandies and take possession of Paris. What most distinguishes our colony in Paris are the hundreds of millions of francs, which represents, taking him to France not only food of its theaters, large hotels, jewelers and fashion designers, but real capital migrating adults and Barbados, to establish and enrich France. At this point surpass the American colonies in Paris to the French colonies in Buenos Aires. They come to do their magot , while ours are millions there. " (1883)

"We are very few people to cover as much land as we have for work and wealth. The country will not be but through the efforts of foreigners. We do not want your savings converted into loans that often can not afford. We want your arms, their muscles, their intelligence, their initiatives. "

" Rock does and will do everything you want, for it is a republic without citizens, corrupted in recent times by the great mass of immigration, no other purpose than to find money for all roads, preferably the worst in the sense of honesty. What a disappointment we found the foreign immigration! These gringos that we have come are natural allies of all thieves for the good government commission charged on business helping raptors. "

" I am deafened by the roar of the institutions that collapse. Juarez [Celman] not only the instrument of blind forces that are transforming the republic. I can not scream! I'm hoarse after 60 years of preaching sterile. "

" It's impossible my role in the financial world that dominates us. My word is the voice in the wilderness. "

And the words to a crowd that greeted him on his birthday 75:

"There (in Home) ended the heroic age of our country. The following is your own history, composed of many hopes realized, some exceeded expectations for success and disappointments and disillusionment: with hundreds of millions that weigh on our conscience, our honor and our bags, with high salaries paid to serve evil, guardians who do not keep us but keep them. You can believe me when I say that this is the worst piece of life I've gone in so long so many times and places, sadder with the degeneration of the ideas of freedom and country that we grew up then. " ( The Censor , February 16, 1886)

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Summer Ideas (II)

It's been a long time that has become commonplace to attribute the economic boom of recent years in Argentina to the "tail wind" the favorable international conditions. After the failure of a long series of prophecies of doom, now hear voices like that of Ricardo Alfonsin saying "since 2003 was impossible not to grow" . Also often heard the phrase "what was in these years was growth, not development" . Of course not heard any journalist ask those who speak so, what made by the development when they had to govern ...

latter phrase also has a crumb and is not to be thrown by the wayside or leave it relegated to a mere exchange of chicanery. There are voices not just opposing the Government have pointed out the need to establish a development strategy beyond the short-term policies. For example, in Luis Tonelli in Debate:

"The hard right, disillusioned with the party turned into 'agraphic-land movement', can not even trust the event that the electoral lottery favors a challenger. The groove Continuity is very deep to a government chosen by popular vote can change a path that is happily paying off. That right bets and gets excited, as it always has in the history of Argentina, with a terminal crisis to apologize to raze everything and start again (because of our decadence). is in the popular and democratic forces, then, to elucidate the strategic conditions of progress. Of how to transcend the simple phase of growth and address the difficult phase of development . A key issue which should be on their national energies

(...)" is not that Government devoid of a long-term view, as evidenced by the Strategic Plan Agribusiness and Agro introduced last year (by the way, in this report Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Julián Domínguez shows a remarkable clarity of ideas both technical and political aspects). But reading something like this noise keeps me as a sign of inconsistency and lack of strategic vision.

Some interesting contributions to an objective analysis of the current perspective on development found in these words journalist Diego Rubinzal:

"Still not note the existence of a coherent industrial policy, but despite that there are mechanisms and programs that have led to the emergence of new industrial SMEs and this is expressed in an advance in the participation of industry in GDP and industrial exports . Between 2003 and 2010 rose from 25 to 34 percent of the export basket. "

" I think we should move forward in the fine tuning of industrial policy, but it is necessary to consider the context. Some young officers of the Ministry of Industry once told me that they would have needed to have a generation up to teach them how to move forward with an industrial policy. The destruction of state capacity during the military dictatorship and Menem is a cost that we are still paying. We must take into account where it started. "

course, the meaning of the word" development "goes beyond sectoral policies and can only be understood in all its magnitude when taken as objective conduct and dignity of all people in the nation. And just several of the events that occupied the attention of the media in recent times have their origin in the development of Argentina is an unfinished task. The cases of slave labor, the footage and land claims, conflicts affecting indigenous peoples communities, are just some of the consequences arising out of backwardness and underdevelopment and neglect of their duties by the state for many decades.

A key concept of a development plan should be to promote and ensure decent working and living conditions of people in their homes. As an example of national shortcomings in this regard, the president of INTI, Enrique Martinez, wrote here about the origins of "work swallow" and the structural poverty in Santiago del Estero, and its consequences continue to show today. On another note this , Martinez says things like:

"The state must make an effort to build an industrial structure where people live to stop migrating. To cite one case in Villa Atamisqui, Santiago del Estero, there are about three thousand people whose job is to migrate every year. There he could exploit the Dulce River, which are five kilometers, which never became a channel level or an irrigation system that allows plant in the region. By doing so, employ such people would be child's play. "

" The depopulation of the soybean technology displaces labor. In many places they stopped producing milk, which requires large amounts of skilled labor. But we can industrialize soybeans, not only to meal and oil. For example, use it to fatten animals and food production on a regional scale. "

" If the model involves low-skilled workers and high physical effort, the production system does not work. We must create a work program to reduce side swallow and their situations. If migration is to work only, no society with a future. "

are opinions like these that make me think, among other things, the failure and depletion of the concept of" growth with social inclusion and the need to move , both in speeches and in the action, an emphasis on development in all its aspects. Something also needs to expand the policy call "project national and popular. "Because the words of a paragraph of Project Document Strategic Plan referred to above Food:

" Perón argued that 'the government plan is not an improvisation, but the product of a deep meditation; a large collection of records relating to the problems the country has had many years ago '. But none of this can be achieved without great enthusiasm. In this regard, said that 'rule is to seek ways to achieve the public good. No doubt the determination of such high purpose is not possible without the spur of the illusion. And my great dream, I've said repeatedly, is the enlargement of Argentina '. "

PS: To those interested, I highly recommend this report in Cash economist and researcher Jorge Katz.

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Summer Ideas (I) Hold the Gauchito

Some stuff loose, nothing pretentious, after a long absence and to refute those who predict the end of blogs, or at least of it. It's the first.

already long past the three months after the death of Nestor Kirchner, is not worth remembering concepts that exposed the July 26 in commemoration of the death of Eva Peron:

"(...) So from here, from the act of youth, I call upon the recovery of multi-class alliance between workers, the middle class and domestic entrepreneurs to make a national and popular front to allow us to further the changes in Argentina. (...)"

Despite the enhancement of the NK figure after his departure, it seems that this call is present in the hottest debates today. Among the limited impact that those words had contained this note Jorge Time Muracciole Argentine, whose last paragraph is a warning today that preserves total:

"(...) In particular in our country today, a year and months [to eight months and coins, as of today] presidential election, social alliances still remain fuzzy. The commitment of the government, in the words of Nestor Kirchner, is still able to articulate the historic alliance of workers and middle classes. To achieve this objective, the sum of the PJ and the CGT is not enough to overcome the electoral ceiling of 40%. It should involve groups and leaders, who agreed with the broad strokes of the government project, be true bridges of communication with the middle classes and sectors of the intelligentsia to provide diversity to the homogeneous spectrum Association and supporter. Not understanding this complex reality, or bet own forces, facilitate the path of reaction, which seeks from the alliance of popular conservatism and neoliberalism, or the panradicalismo, become a block to ensure the continuity postdictatorial of formal democracy, the exclusion of the '90s. "

be why I see signs of myopia in some of the discussions in vogue among Peronist more or less K, P K is not progressive, etc., etc. Beyond the struggle for" spaces "and the nominations, I I fear that this will result in a loss or division of the forces that should kick in the same direction. As I wrote in a comment to a post Nestor engineer: "It time talked about the limitations of 'hunt in the zoo. " Lest with these verbal pyrotechnics finish opening the cage for leaving those inside ... "

Or to put it to these other words NK:

" What the story does not I forgive the PJ, but not to non-progressive sectors PJ, is that public exposure would allow the conservative restoration. "